The name "Air Force One" was introduced on this day in 1954. It followed an incident a year earlier when the presidential plane, call sign Air Force 8610, of Dwight Eisenhower came in danger of colliding with a commercial plane numbered 8610.
President Franklin Roosevelt had been the first president to fly for work in 1943. Two years later, the first presidential plane was built. Like the current plane, it made use of several bespoke security measures to ensure the president wasn't at risk of danger in any situation. The next plane, adopted another two years later in response to developments in flight technologies, featured more bells and whistles, including a weather radar and a TV just for President Harry Truman.
When he took office, Eisenhower switched the presidential plane to a group of military aircraft, one of which would be the first to carry the Air Force One moniker, though it's used to refer to any plane carrying the sitting president.
You can see photos of the various presidential planes since their introduction in this Business Insider article.
