Notes

¹ Further, costs should not be confused with prices which, due to imperfections in the economy, may or may not reflect the actual value of the resources consumed.
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² This report also takes the "societal" perspective and thus does not differentiate between public expenditures and private, voluntary spending.
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³ T. O. Tengs et al., "Five Hundred Life-Saving Interventions and Their Cost-Effectiveness," Risk Analysis, vol. 15, no. 3, June 1995, pp. 369-90.
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⁴ T. O. Tengs and J. D. Graham, "The Opportunity Costs of Haphazard Societal Investments in Life-Saving," in R. Hahn, ed., Risks, Costs, and Lives Saved: Getting Better Results from Regulation (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996).
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⁵ W. K. Viscusi, "The Value of Risks to Life and Health," Journal of Economic Literature, vol. 31, 1993, pp. 1912-46.
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