Why Investment Results Differ for Different Groups of Workers

"The Social Security benefit formula favors low-income workers, but high-income workers live longer and collect more benefit checks"

Also, groups with higher mortality rates during their working years benefit more from the life insurance function of Social Security. Survivors benefits and nonworking spouse benefits reward married couples more than singles, and reward single-earner couples more than couples in which both work. Given these offsetting effects, how different groups of workers fare under the system is hard to predict without precise calculations.