Publications -- Federal Spending

BA #593 – Trade Is the Best Aid for Africa

The 48 countries south of the Sahara desert in Africa make up the most impoverished and diseased region of the world. Although wealthy countries have poured more than $450 billion of development assistance (in 2003 dollars) into the region since 1980, nearly half the population lives on less than $1 per day, the average life expectancy is only 46 years and nearly one-third of children are underweight and malnourished. Despite its noble intent, aid has not rescued Sub-Saharan Africa from poverty. In many cases, it has undermined development, propped up dictators and fueled corruption.

ST #301 – How Much Do Americans Depend on Social Security?

Social Security benefits over the next 75 years will exceed payroll tax revenues by $4.6 trillion. To close this enormous fiscal gap, one proposal is to cut the benefits of high-income workers. Many low-income workers depend almost entirely on Social Security for their retirement income, but it is often assumed that high-wage workers can maintain their standard of living without Social Security benefits due to their private pensions and savings. Surprisingly, however, even high-wage workers depend on Social Security for a substantial portion of their retirement income and would significantly change their consumption and saving behavior in the absence of Social Security.

BA #590 – Increasing America's Domestic Fuel Supply

High gasoline prices and concern about energy security are driving entrepreneurs to explore a variety of ways to produce transportation fuels.  For example, researchers are experimenting with technologies to turn turkey, chicken and pig litter, and used tires, into gasoline.  On the less exotic side, Congress is pushing ethanol. 

ST #290 – How Generous Are Social Security and Medicare?

Without changes, Social Security and Medicare will grow relative to the earnings and compensation of the workers who fund the programs. Further, the rate at which these entitlement benefits replace preretirement earnings of successive cohorts of retirees will rise. By the time today's teenagers retire, net Medicare and Social Security benefits will rival their average preretirement price-indexed wages.

ST #263 – How Large Is the Federal Government's Debt?

Social Security and Medicare have made future promises far in excess of tax revenues that will be collected at current tax rates. The difference between what has been promised to current and future generations and what will be collected from taxes dedicated to fund these programs is an "unfunded liability."

BA #387 – Two Cheers for the Commission to Strengthen Social Security

President Bush created the Commission to Strengthen Social Security in May 2001 to develop a plan to reform the nation's retirement system. The commission's final report to the White House includes three broad frameworks for reform and leaves it up to Congress and the administration to develop the details.

BA #382 – Is the Stock Market Too Risky for Retirement?

Now that President Bush's Commission to Strengthen Social Security is preparing its report for release later this year, the debate on the wisdom of investing in the stock market is again at center stage. As we choose which option, if any, will replace Social Security's present financing, the behavior of our stock market over the last three-quarters of a century clearly suggests that it should be one of the considered choices.

ST #247 – Government Spending on the Elderly: Social Security and Medicare

Social Security and Medicare will begin paying out more in benefits than they collect in payroll tax revenues. As a result, taxes will have to rise.

BA #379 – Uninsured by Choice

The Census Bureau recently reported that the number of Americans without health insurance fell to around 38.7 million in 2000, down about 600,000 from 1999 and well below the record 44.3 million who were uninsured in 1998. However, with health care costs increasing and the economy slowing, many public health advocates are worried that this number might soon begin to rise. Why do more than 38 million Americans lack health insurance? Who are they?

BA #380 – Cipro and the Risks of Violating Pharmaceutical Patents

When the threat of anthrax became a widespread concern, the Canadian government said it had serious doubts that Bayer, the owner of the patent for the anti-anthrax drug Cipro, could meet Canadian needs. Canada ignored the patent and ordered generic copies. In the United States, Sen. Charles Schumer expressed the same concerns and proposed that the U.S. government do the same. After Bayer said it could meet the needs of both nations, and after other drugs that are effective against anthrax were identified, Canada reversed its decision, and the issue was dropped in the United States for the time being.