Publications -- Social Security

BA #662 – Social Security and Medicare Projections: 2009

The 2009 Social Security and Medicare Trustees Reports show the combined unfunded liability of these two programs has reached nearly $107 trillion in today's dollars!  That is about seven times the size of the U.S. economy and 10 times the size of the outstanding national debt.

BA #658 – Measuring Social Security's True Liability

Every year the Social Security Trustees publish a report on the fiscal solvency of the program. It details the program's unfunded liabilities, which is what the government will still owe after it uses current and future tax receipts to pay for current and future retiree benefits.

BA #657 – Socially Responsible Investing

Socially responsible investing (SRI) is the practice of choosing stocks, bonds or mutual funds based on political, religious or social values.  This investment strategy can be hazardous to an individual's portfolio, and if followed by state and local employee pension funds can adversely affect thousands of people's retirement incomes.

ST #319 – Measuring the Unfunded Obligations of European Countries

Europe is undergoing two major transitions. On the demographic front, many European countries are undergoing rapid population aging as their Baby Boom generations enter retirement, senior citizens live longer and fertility rates remain well below the population replacement level. On the economic front, 15 European countries have adopted the euro as a common currency, eliminating the ability to use monetary policy to achieve country-specific economic goals. Both transitions will place tremendous, conflicting pressures on the domestic national budgets of European countries.

BA #638 – Retirement Account Reforms: Good and Bad

Since January 2008, 401(k) account balances have dropped up to 25 percent, on average, leaving millions of workers and retirees worried about the future of their retirement savings. Congress and President-elect Obama are considering changes to 401(k)s and other retirement accounts in response to the market turmoil. Which proposals are good ideas to improve retirement savings, and which would make matters worse?

ST #317 – Thinking About Tomorrow

How large is the federal government's debt? The figure most likely to be reported in newspapers is the debt held by the public. This measure currently stands at $6.3 trillion and is rising. However, the debt held by the public tells only a small part of the story. How should the government account for the predicted shortfalls of Social Security and Medicare? Officially, they are considered government "obligations," but not "liabilities" or "debts." The reason: retirees and workers do not have a contractual right to the benefits they expect to receive.

ST #314 – To Roth or Not?

In 2006, the Roth 401(k) plan was introduced as an alternative to regular 401(k)s. Whereas contributions to regular 401(k)s are made with pretax dollars, Roth 401(k) contributions are made with after-tax dollars. When retirees withdraw their funds from regular 401(k)s, the contributions and accumulated earnings are taxable. But since taxes have already been paid on Roth contributions, all of the funds in the Roth account can be withdrawn tax-free. Which type of 401(k) is better?

BA #625 – Double-Dipping Social Security

The current Social Security system allows individuals to claim reduced, early retirement benefits beginning at age 62.  Individuals who wait until the full retirement age to collect receive about 30 percent more in monthly benefits.  If they wait until age 70 to collect, their benefits will be about 60 percent larger than at age 62. So what choice should people make?

BA #616 – Social Security and Medicare Projections: 2008

The 2008 Social Security and Medicare Trustees Reports show the combined unfunded liability of these two programs has reached $101.7 trillion in today's dollars! That is more than seven times the size of the U.S. economy and 10 times the size of the outstanding national debt.

BA #612 – Giving No Credit Where It Is Due: Social Security Disability

The disability insurance component of the U.S. Social Security system is funded by a 1.8 percent payroll tax. It pays benefits to disabled adults who have earned a required number of credits based on previous years of work. The benefit amount is based on the wages taxed for Social Security. Most people do not realize that the system penalizes those who leave the workforce for a few years. The system often penalizes women, who are more likely to move in and out of the workforce.